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Top 140 Neural Networks Interview Questions

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Neural Networks Theoretical Questions

Q1:   

How many neurons do you need in the output layer if you want to classify email into spam or ham?

  
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Q2:   

How are Neural Networks modelled?

  
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Q3:   

What is a Perceptron?

  Related To: Classification, Supervised Learning
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Q4:   

What are Self-Organizing Maps?

  Related To: Clustering
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Q5:   

Name some applications of Neural Networks?

  
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Q6:   

Can you list all the hyperparameters you can tweak in a basic Multi Layer Perceptron?

  
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Q7:   

How are CNNs used for Time Series Prediction?

  Related To: CNN, Time Series
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Q8:   

How to know whether your model is suffering from the problem of Exploding Gradients?

  Related To: Model Evaluation, Deep Learning
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Q9:   

What's the difference between Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and in which cases would use each one?

  Related To: CNN, RNN
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Q10:   

How to define a Neural Network model in PyTorch?

  Related To: PyTorch
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Q11:   

How to know whether your model is suffering from the problem of Vanishing Gradients?

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q12:   

What is the difference between Forward Propagation and Backward Propagation?

  
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Q13:   

What is the difference between Deep Learning and Artificial Neural Networks?

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q14:   

How can Neural Networks be Unsupervised?

  Related To: Autoencoders, Unsupervised Learning
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Q15:   

What are Neural Networks?

  
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Q16:   

How do Neural Networks get the optimal Weights and Bias values?

  
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Q17:   

What is Backpropagation and how does it work?

  
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Q18:   

What are Loss Functions in Neural Networks?

  
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Q19:   

What is an Activation Function?

  
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Q20:   

What are the roles of an Activation Function?

  
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Q21:   

What's the difference between the forward() and backward() methods in PyTorch?

  Related To: PyTorch
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Q22:   

What’s Transfer Learning? How it’s useful?

  
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Q23:   

How to choose the features for a Neural Network?

  Related To: Data Processing, Feature Engineering
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Q24:   

How do you choose the Scaling method used for Neural Networks?

  Related To: Data Processing
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Q25:   

What happens when you trade the Breadth of a Neural Network for the Depth?

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q26:   

What are Bidirectional RNN and what are its uses?

  
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Q27:   

Explain the working of a Perceptron

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q28:   

What are Variational Autoencoders?

  Related To: Autoencoders
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Q29:   

When you are Optimizing a Neural Network, does it make sense to combine both Momentum and Weight Decay to improve the performance?

  Related To: Optimisation
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Q30:   

What's the difference between Traditional Feedforward Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks?

  Related To: RNN
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Q31:   

How does Randomized Connection Dropping affect the Deep Learning model?

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q32:   

What does 1x1 convolution mean in a Neural Network?

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q33:   

What is a Boltzmann Machine?

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q34:   

What is Early Stopping in Deep Learning?

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q35:   

What does the hidden layer in a Neural Network compute?

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q36:   

What's the difference between Recurrent Neural Networks and Recursive Neural Networks?

  Related To: RNN
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Q37:   

What do the fully connected layers do in CNNs?

  Related To: CNN
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Q38:   

What's the difference between LTSM and GRUs units?

  
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Q39:   

Are there any problems when using Random Initialisation to initialise Weight and Bias? If yes, how to overcome it?

  
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Q40:   

What's the difference between VALID and SAME padding?

  
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Q41:   

What's the difference between Stateful RNN vs Stateless RNN? What are their pros and cons?

  Related To: NLP, RNN
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Q42:   

Why would you use Encoder-Decoder RNNs vs plain sequence-to-sequence RNNs for automatic translation?

  Related To: NLP, LLMs, RNN
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Q43:   

In CNN, what are the pros and cons of Max Pooling vs Average Pooling?

  Related To: CNN
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Q44:   

Name some advantages of using Convolutional Neural Networks vs Dense Neural Networks for image classification

  Related To: CNN
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Q45:   

What are Generative Adversarial Networks?

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q46:   

What types of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) do you know?

  Related To: RNN
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Q47:   

How to choose the Number of Layers and Nodes in a Feedforward neural network?

  
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Q48:   

How would you change a neural network from regression to classification?

  
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Q49:   

What are the main difficulties when training RNNs? How can you handle them?

  Related To: RNN
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Q50:   

When would you use MLP, CNN, and RNN?

  Related To: CNN, RNN
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Q51:   

How can you convert a Dense Layer of a CNN into a Fully Convolutional Layer?

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q52:   

How many dimensions must the inputs of an RNN layer have? What does each dimension represent? What about its outputs?

  Related To: RNN
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Q53:   

Should an Input Layer include a Bias Neuron?

  
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Q54:   

Why is it a common practice to add a Pooling Layer after a CNN layer?

  
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Q55:   

How would you tune the Training Algorithm Hyperparameters to get the highest accuracy in a Neural Network?

  
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Q56:   

How would you tune the Network Structure (Model Design) Hyperparameters to get the highest accuracy in an Artificial Neural Network?

  
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Q57:   

How would you prevent Overfitting when designing an Artificial Neural Network?

  Related To: Model Evaluation
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Q58:   

Why should you Normalize the input for Neural Networks?

  
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Q59:   

How do Neural Networks distinguish useful features from non-useful features in Computer Vision?

  Related To: Computer Vision
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Q60:   

What type of Neural Networks do Deep Reinforcement Learning use?

  Related To: Reinforcement Learning
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Q61:   

Name some CNNs architectures that you know

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q62:   

Explain why the Initialization process of weights and bias is important for NN?

  
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Q63:   

Is it a good idea to use CNN to classify 1D signal?

  
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Q64:   

What is the purpose of the ROI layer in a Fast R-CNN?

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q65:   

How is One-Shot Learning still not attainable for Artificial Neural Networks?

  
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Q66:   

What are some criticisms of Neural Networks?

  
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Q67:   

How has Translation of words improved from the Traditional methods?

  Related To: NLP, Feature Engineering
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Q68:   

What are the uses of LSTM in NLP?

  Related To: NLP
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Q69:   

Why do you need to pad the input dataset when CNN is used?

  
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Q70:   

What Neural Network Architecture could you use to classify videos?

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q71:   

How can Neural Networks be used to create Autoencoders?

  Related To: Autoencoders
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Q72:   

What are some differences between SVMs and Neural Networks?

  Related To: SVM
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Q73:   

What are some similarities between SVMs and Neural Networks?

  Related To: SVM
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Q74:   

What is ROUGE?

  Related To: NLP
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Q75:   

What is BLEU?

  Related To: NLP
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Q76:   

What are some advantages of using Multilayer Perceptron over a Single-layer Perceptron?

  
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Q77:   

What is the Vanishing Gradient Problem in Artificial Neural Networks?

  
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Q78:   

What is the Exploding Gradient Problem in artificial Neural Networks?

  
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Q79:   

Why does an artificial Neural Network use Backpropagation?

  
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Q80:   

Describe two ways to visualize features of a CNN in an image classification task

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q81:   

How is Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) used in NLP?

  Related To: NLP, CNN, LLMs
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Q82:   

What are the uses of using RNN in NLP?

  Related To: NLP, RNN
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Q83:   

Give some reasons to choose Random Forests over Neural Networks

  Related To: Random Forest, Ensemble Learning
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Q84:   

How to iterate through all the dataset when training a model with PyTorch?

  Related To: PyTorch
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Q85:   

What's the difference between Convolutional Layers vs Fully Connected Layers?

  Related To: CNN
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Q86:   

How can Saliency Methods improve explainability in Large Language Models?

  Related To: LLMs
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Q87:   

What exactly are the parameters in "GPT-3's 175 billion parameters"?

  Related To: ChatGPT
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Q88:   

How does an LLM parameter relate to a weight in a Neural Network?

  Related To: ChatGPT, LLMs
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Q89:   

What's the advantage of using Anchor Boxes for Object Detection?

  Related To: Computer Vision
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Q90:   

Compare Hidden Markov Model vs Recurrent Neural Networks for solving sequence tasks

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q91:   

Compare Variational Autoencoders and Generative Adversarial Network?

  Related To: Autoencoders
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Q92:   

What are the differences between Restricted Boltzmann Machine and the Feed-forward Network?

  
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Q93:   

How many ways to implement Skip Connections do you know?

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q94:   

Why are Recurrent Neural Networks known to be Turing Complete?

  
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Q95:   

What's the differences between leaf and non-leaf variables in the context of a computational graph in PyTorch?

  Related To: PyTorch
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Q96:   

What is a Radial Basis Function Network?

  
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Q97:   

What is an Embedding in NLP?

  Related To: NLP
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Q98:   

Explain the concept behind the Neural Machine Translator

  Related To: NLP
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Q99:   

What is the difference between Dropout and Drop Connect?

  
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Q100:   

What is intuition behind using CNN for NLP?

  Related To: NLP, CNN
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Q101:   

How are Attention Metrics modeled in Neural Networks?

  
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Q102:   

What is a GRU?

  
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Q103:   

Explain the intuition behind RNN having a Vanishing Gradient Problem?

  Related To: RNN
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Q104:   

What are some uses of Echo-State Networks?

  
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Q105:   

How would you create a Neural Captioning Model?

  Related To: NLP
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Q106:   

Compare the Convolutional Neural Network and Multi-layer Perceptron

  Related To: CNN
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Q107:   

Compare Feed-forward and Recurrent Neural Network

  Related To: RNN
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Q108:   

Why does a Deep Neural Network work better than a Shallow Neural Network?

  Related To: Deep Learning
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Q109:   

When do you use ReLU, Tanh, and Sigmoid activation functions in Neural Networks?

  
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Q110:   

What is the difference between ReLU, Leaky ReLU, Exponential Linear Unit (ELU), and Parametric ReLU (PReLU)?

  
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Q111:   

How would you fix the Exploding Gradient Problem?

  
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Q112:   

What are some advantages of Neural Network over Random Forest?

  Related To: Random Forest
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Q113:   

What are the differences between Decision Trees and Neural Networks?

  Related To: Decision Trees
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Q114:   

How to calculate the output of a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)?

  Related To: RNN
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Q115:   

What's the difference between CNN-LSTMs and ConvLSTMs?

  Related To: CNN
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Q116:   

What's the difference between multi-headed and multi-channel CNNs?

  Related To: CNN
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Q117:   

Should Training Samples Randomly Drawn for Mini-Batch Training Neural Networks be drawn with or without Replacement?

  Related To: Optimisation
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Q118:   

When you are Optimizing your Neural Network, is it a good idea to Prune the Network?

  Related To: Optimisation
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Q119:   

What are some benefits of Scaling the Data for Neural Networks?

  Related To: Data Processing
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Q120:   

Explain how Autoencoders can be used for Anomaly Detection?

  Related To: Anomaly Detection, Autoencoders
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Q121:   

What is Sequential Minimal Optimization?

  Related To: SVM
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Q122:   

How to combine Categorical and Continuous input features for NN training?

  
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Q123:   

How does LSTM compare to RNN?

  Related To: RNN
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Q124:   

Explain how a Recurrent Architecture for leveraging visual attention works

  Related To: RNN
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Q125:   

Should Forecasting with Neural Networks be only treated as a Supervised Learning Problem?

  
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Q126:   

Are there any troubles when using Early Stopping?

  Related To: ML Design Patterns, Model Evaluation, Data Processing
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Q127:   

What is a Deconvolutional Network?

  
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Q128:   

How is Competitive Learning different from traditional Neural Networks?

  
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Q129:   

What is NEAT (Neuroevolution of Augmenting Topologies) algorithm?

  Related To: Genetic Algorithms
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Q130:   

What are Spiking Neural Networks?

  
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Q131:   

Why would you define a backward method for a custom layer in PyTorch?

  Related To: PyTorch
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Q132:   

Why would you want to use 1D convolutional layers in an RNN?

  Related To: RNN
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Q133:   

How would you encode the structure of a Neural Network into a genome?

  Related To: Genetic Algorithms
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Neural Networks Practical Challenges

Q1:   

Can you draw the architecture of a Perceptron with two input neurons, one bias neuron, and three output neurons?

  
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Q2:   

Using Keras, construct a simple autoencoder architecture using Dense layers and a Sequential model for 784-dimensional data

  Related To: Deep Learning, Keras
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Q3:   

Describe the architecture of a typical Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

  Related To: CNN
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Q4:   

Complete the code below to construct and evaluate a Convolutional Network in TensorFlow

  Related To: TensorFlow
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Q5:   

Using Keras, how can you visualize the filters of some layer of a CNN?

  Related To: Keras
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Q6:   

Can you sketch the LSTM cell's architecture?

  
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Q7:   

Explain how would you train Perceptron? Implement in plain Python

 PY Related To: Python
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